Landsat field delineation — site reviewiSites were not hand-picked: `select_sites.py` queries the Trazo4 2024 master parquet for Mato Grosso, Rondonia and Para, groups fields by MapBiomas class and by the WRS-2 footprint that images them, then takes the smallest- and largest-median tile per class and re-centres a 30 km AOI on the densest window inside it. The same AOIs were then run on 1986, 2005 and 2024 with one checkpoint and one polygon floor.

Model Trazo4SAlandsatstretch, 256 px chips on the 10 m grid, 8-band two-window Landsat input (harvest first), over 6 AOIs of 30 km in 1986, 2005 and 2024. Open the zoomable polygon map →

1986 and 2005 are Landsat 5 TM; the checkpoint was trained on Landsat 8/9 OLI. Pushing the benchmark's OLI imagery through the Roy et al. 2016 surface transform into ETM+ radiometry cost 0.001 pixel IoU, and that is a lower bound on the real cost, because TM also differs in quantization, noise and point spread. Read a large change as signal and a small one as noise.

All sites

site	class	regime	WRS-2	1986 objects	2005 objects	2024 objects	1986→2024	1986 median ha	2005 median ha	2024 median ha
Query-selected sites, 1986, 2005, 2024 — Chosen by select_sites.py from field size and MapBiomas class, then run unchanged on every year. Polygon floor 0.27 ha.
para pasture small	pasture	small	223/061	2,710	2,899	4,926	+82%	1.07	1.43	1.30
rondonia pasture fishbone	pasture	small	231/068	534	3,084	6,364	+1,092%	6.39	3.12	2.15
mato grosso pasture large	pasture	large	228/069	165	743	1,226	+643%	1.17	29.18	25.47
para soy small	soy	small	227/062	440	2,150	1,811	+312%	2.18	2.36	2.31
mato grosso soy large	soy	large	225/068	86	166	208	+142%	14.29	87.79	148.09
para palm	palm	uniform	223/062	469	963	1,560	+233%	1.38	11.34	9.33
Earlier hand-chosen sites — Polygon floor 1.0 ha, the production filter. 2024 only.
pucallpa palm	palm	hand-chosen	—	—	—	932	—	—	—	5.31
matogrosso soy	soy	hand-chosen	—	—	—	1,017	—	—	—	9.77
acre pasture	pasture	hand-chosen	—	—	—	1,299	—	—	—	9.55
rondonia pasture	pasture	hand-chosen	—	—	—	2,591	—	—	—	8.42
altoparana hills	mosaic_of_uses	hand-chosen	—	—	—	3,471	—	—	—	1.86
paraguay colonias	soy	hand-chosen	—	—	—	4,327	—	—	—	4.19
irece bahia	other_temporary	hand-chosen	—	—	—	3,878	—	—	—	3.98

Polygon floor 0.27 ha (3 Landsat pixels at 30 m). Click any figure to enlarge.

Query-selected sites, 1986, 2005, 2024

Chosen by select_sites.py from field size and MapBiomas class, then run unchanged on every year. Polygon floor 0.27 ha.

para pasture small

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pasture, Para (small fields, tile median 0.7 ha, WRS-2 223/061)

MapBiomas 15 · pasturesmall fieldsWRS-2 223/061-1.4652, -47.5972floor 0.27 hatile median 0.71 ha

	1986	2005	2024	1986→2024
objects found	2,710	2,899	4,926	+82%
median ha	1.07	1.43	1.30	—
p10 ha	0.35	0.38	0.37	—
p90 ha	7.98	20.55	14.09	—
total ha	14,848.60	35,204.20	37,799.90	+155%

1986 · Landsat 5 TM planting 1985-10-01/1986-01-31 · harvest 1986-02-01/1986-05-31
LT05_L2SP_223061_19851002, LT05_L2SP_223061_19851018, LT05_L2SP_223061_19851103, LT05_L2SP_223061_19851205, LT05_L2SP_223061_19860327
2005 · Landsat 5 TM planting 2004-10-01/2005-01-31 · harvest 2005-02-01/2005-05-31
LT05_L2SP_223061_20041123, LT05_L2SP_223061_20050211, LT05_L2SP_223061_20050227, LT05_L2SP_223061_20050315, LT05_L2SP_223061_20050331, LT05_L2SP_223061_20050416, LT05_L2SP_223061_20050518
2024 planting 2023-10-01/2024-01-31 · harvest 2024-02-01/2024-05-31
LC08_L2SP_223061_20231128_, LC08_L2SP_223061_20231214, LC08_L2SP_223061_20231230, LC08_L2SP_223061_20240115, LC08_L2SP_223061_20240131, LC08_L2SP_223061_20240319_, LC08_L2SP_223061_20240404, LC08_L2SP_223061_20240506, LC08_L2SP_223061_20240522, LC09_L2SP_223061_20231206, LC09_L2SP_223061_20231222, LC09_L2SP_223061_20240123, LC09_L2SP_223061_20240327, LC09_L2SP_223061_20240412, LC09_L2SP_223061_20240514, LC09_L2SP_223061_20240530

object count by size 198620052024

para_pasture_small 1986 — 1986 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

para_pasture_small 2005 — 2005 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

para_pasture_small 2024 — 2024 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

rondonia pasture fishbone

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pasture, Rondonia (fishbone smallholder settlement, tile median 2.1 ha, WRS-2 231/068)

MapBiomas 15 · pasturesmall fieldsWRS-2 231/068-11.7092, -62.2945floor 0.27 hatile median 2.08 ha

	1986	2005	2024	1986→2024
objects found	534	3,084	6,364	+1,092%
median ha	6.39	3.12	2.15	—
p10 ha	0.95	0.50	0.44	—
p90 ha	64.38	28.97	15.48	—
total ha	16,332.10	47,729.70	44,375.30	+172%

1986 · Landsat 5 TM planting 1985-07-01/1985-11-30 · harvest 1986-01-01/1986-05-31
LT05_L2SP_231068_19850908, LT05_L2SP_231068_19860522
2005 · Landsat 5 TM planting 2004-07-01/2004-11-30 · harvest 2005-01-01/2005-05-31
LT05_L2SP_231068_20040928, LT05_L2SP_231068_20050307, LT05_L2SP_231068_20050323, LT05_L2SP_231068_20050408, LT05_L2SP_231068_20050424, LT05_L2SP_231068_20050510, LT05_L2SP_231068_20050526
2024 planting 2023-07-01/2023-11-30 · harvest 2024-01-01/2024-05-31
LC08_L2SP_231068_20231019, LC08_L2SP_231068_20240530

object count by size 198620052024

rondonia_pasture_fishbone 1986 — 1986 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

rondonia_pasture_fishbone 2005 — 2005 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

rondonia_pasture_fishbone 2024 — 2024 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

mato grosso pasture large

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pasture, Mato Grosso (large fields, tile median 16.1 ha, WRS-2 228/069)

MapBiomas 15 · pasturelarge fieldsWRS-2 228/069-12.2881, -57.7993floor 0.27 hatile median 16.09 ha

	1986	2005	2024	1986→2024
objects found	165	743	1,226	+643%
median ha	1.17	29.18	25.47	—
p10 ha	0.34	1.75	2.11	—
p90 ha	34.01	106.18	89.70	—
total ha	7,219.30	34,334.40	48,154.80	+567%

1986 · Landsat 5 TM planting 1985-07-01/1985-11-30 · harvest 1986-01-01/1986-05-30
LT05_L2SP_228068_19850701, LT05_L2SP_228068_19860226, LT05_L2SP_228068_19860314, LT05_L2SP_228068_19860415, LT05_L2SP_228068_19860501, LT05_L2SP_228068_19860517, LT05_L2SP_228069_19860314
2005 · Landsat 5 TM planting 2004-07-01/2004-11-30 · harvest 2005-01-01/2005-05-30
LT05_L2SP_228068_20040705, LT05_L2SP_228068_20040806, LT05_L2SP_228068_20040822, LT05_L2SP_228068_20040907_, LT05_L2SP_228068_20040923, LT05_L2SP_228068_20041009, LT05_L2SP_228068_20041110, LT05_L2SP_228068_20041126, LT05_L2SP_228068_20050521
2024 planting 2023-07-01/2023-11-30 · harvest 2024-01-01/2024-05-30
LC08_L2SP_228068_20240509, LC09_L2SP_228068_20230920

object count by size 198620052024

mato_grosso_pasture_large 1986 — 1986 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

mato_grosso_pasture_large 2005 — 2005 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

mato_grosso_pasture_large 2024 — 2024 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

para soy small

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soy, Para (small fields, tile median 6.4 ha, WRS-2 227/062)

MapBiomas 39 · soysmall fieldsWRS-2 227/062-2.6164, -54.6577floor 0.27 hatile median 6.39 ha

	1986	2005	2024	1986→2024
objects found	440	2,150	1,811	+312%
median ha	2.18	2.36	2.31	—
p10 ha	0.44	0.43	0.41	—
p90 ha	44.00	30.59	36.57	—
total ha	18,715.50	26,202.50	33,457.50	+79%

1986 · Landsat 5 TM planting 1985-10-01/1986-01-31 · harvest 1986-02-01/1986-05-31
LT05_L2SP_227062_19850811, LT05_L2SP_227062_19850827, LT05_L2SP_227062_19850912, LT05_L2SP_227062_19851014, LT05_L2SP_227062_19851115, LT05_L2SP_227062_19851201, LT05_L2SP_227062_19860729
2005 · Landsat 5 TM planting 2004-10-01/2005-01-31 · harvest 2005-02-01/2005-05-31
LT05_L2SP_227062_20040831, LT05_L2SP_227062_20050530_, LT05_L2SP_227062_20050615, LT05_L2SP_227062_20050701, LT05_L2SP_227062_20050717, LT05_L2SP_227062_20050802, LT05_L2SP_227062_20050818, LT05_L2SP_227062_20050903, LT05_L2SP_227062_20050919
2024 planting 2023-10-01/2024-01-31 · harvest 2024-02-01/2024-05-31
LC08_L2SP_227062_20240315_, LC08_L2SP_227062_20240331, LC08_L2SP_227062_20240502, LC09_L2SP_227062_20231116, LC09_L2SP_227062_20240323, LC09_L2SP_227062_20240408, LC09_L2SP_227062_20240424, LC09_L2SP_227062_20240510, LC09_L2SP_227062_20240526

object count by size 198620052024

para_soy_small 1986 — 1986 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

para_soy_small 2005 — 2005 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

para_soy_small 2024 — 2024 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

mato grosso soy large

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soy, Mato Grosso (large fields, tile median 118.8 ha, WRS-2 225/068)

MapBiomas 39 · soylarge fieldsWRS-2 225/068-12.0169, -52.8839floor 0.27 hatile median 118.78 ha

	1986	2005	2024	1986→2024
objects found	86	166	208	+142%
median ha	14.29	87.79	148.09	—
p10 ha	1.28	1.42	17.44	—
p90 ha	157.25	544.41	280.07	—
total ha	5,439.10	29,053.70	31,859.40	+486%

1986 · Landsat 5 TM planting 1985-07-01/1985-11-30 · harvest 1986-01-01/1986-05-30
LT05_L2SP_225068_19850829, LT05_L2SP_225068_19860528
2005 · Landsat 5 TM planting 2004-07-01/2004-11-30 · harvest 2005-01-01/2005-05-30
LT05_L2SP_225068_20041004, LT05_L2SP_225068_20050516
2024 planting 2023-07-01/2023-11-30 · harvest 2024-01-01/2024-05-30
LC08_L2SP_225068_20240520, LC09_L2SP_225068_20231118

object count by size 198620052024

mato_grosso_soy_large 1986 — 1986 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

mato_grosso_soy_large 2005 — 2005 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

mato_grosso_soy_large 2024 — 2024 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

para palm

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palm, Para (uniform fields, tile median 8.0 ha, WRS-2 223/062)

MapBiomas 35 · palmuniform fieldsWRS-2 223/062-2.5380, -48.7106floor 0.27 hatile median 8.05 ha

	1986	2005	2024	1986→2024
objects found	469	963	1,560	+233%
median ha	1.38	11.34	9.33	—
p10 ha	0.36	0.76	0.71	—
p90 ha	52.06	85.27	53.66	—
total ha	15,717.50	31,283.40	34,692.30	+121%

1986 · Landsat 5 TM planting 1985-10-01/1986-01-31 · harvest 1986-02-01/1986-05-31
LT05_L2SP_223062_19851002, LT05_L2SP_223062_19851018, LT05_L2SP_223062_19851103, LT05_L2SP_223062_19860223, LT05_L2SP_223062_19860311, LT05_L2SP_223062_19860327, LT05_L2SP_223062_19860428, LT05_L2SP_223062_19860514, LT05_L2SP_223062_19860530, LT05_L2SP_224062_19851009, LT05_L2SP_224062_19851025, LT05_L2SP_224062_19851126
2005 · Landsat 5 TM planting 2004-10-01/2005-01-31 · harvest 2005-02-01/2005-05-31
LT05_L2SP_223062_20040904, LT05_L2SP_223062_20050518_, LT05_L2SP_223062_20050603, LT05_L2SP_223062_20050619, LT05_L2SP_223062_20050721, LT05_L2SP_223062_20050806, LT05_L2SP_223062_20050822, LT05_L2SP_223062_20050907, LT05_L2SP_223062_20050923
2024 planting 2023-10-01/2024-01-31 · harvest 2024-02-01/2024-05-31
LC08_L2SP_223062_20240404_, LC08_L2SP_223062_20240420, LC08_L2SP_223062_20240506, LC08_L2SP_223062_20240522, LC09_L2SP_223062_20231019, LC09_L2SP_223062_20240412, LC09_L2SP_223062_20240428, LC09_L2SP_223062_20240514, LC09_L2SP_223062_20240530

object count by size 198620052024

para_palm 1986 — 1986 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

para_palm 2005 — 2005 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

para_palm 2024 — 2024 — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

Earlier hand-chosen sites

Polygon floor 1.0 ha, the production filter. 2024 only.

pucallpa palm

Pucallpa, Peru - oil palm plantations

objects found	932
median ha	5.31
p10 ha	1.30
p90 ha	56.59
total ha	24,643.40

object count by size2024

pucallpa_palm None — — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

matogrosso soy

Sorriso / Lucas do Rio Verde - industrial soy

objects found	1,017
median ha	9.77
p10 ha	1.54
p90 ha	159.23
total ha	49,912.80

object count by size2024

matogrosso_soy None — — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

acre pasture

Rio Branco / BR-364 - Amazonian pasture

objects found	1,299
median ha	9.55
p10 ha	1.46
p90 ha	74.28
total ha	41,046.20

object count by size2024

acre_pasture None — — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

rondonia pasture

Ariquemes / Ji-Parana - fishbone pasture

objects found	2,591
median ha	8.42
p10 ha	1.60
p90 ha	52.17
total ha	56,378.90

object count by size2024

rondonia_pasture None — — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

altoparana hills

Serra gaucha - mountainous mixed agriculture

objects found	3,471
median ha	1.86
p10 ha	1.10
p90 ha	7.34
total ha	14,282.30

object count by size2024

altoparana_hills None — — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

paraguay colonias

Itapua colonias - smallholder

objects found	4,327
median ha	4.19
p10 ha	1.30
p90 ha	22.56
total ha	41,290.90

object count by size2024

paraguay_colonias None — — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay

irece bahia

Irece microregion - smallholder beans/onion

objects found	3,878
median ha	3.98
p10 ha	1.29
p90 ha	23.03
total ha	45,542.40

object count by size2024

irece_bahia None — — false colour (NIR/R/G), prediction, overlay